Sudeep M. Kumar - Gaithersburg MD, US Josephus Marinus Otten - Gaithersburg MD, US Charles Quentin Davis - Frederick MD, US Hans Biebuyck - Rockville MD, US
An electrochemiluminescence cell comprising an electrode capable of inducing an electrochemiluminescence-active species to electrochemiluminesce. The electrode is preferably made of rhodium, iridium or an alloy of platinum, rhodium or iridium alloyed with an alloy material comprising a transition element. The electrode may be used as counter electrode and/or as a working electrode in the electrochemiluminescence cell. The cell preferably includes a counter electrode and a support attached to the counter electrode. The support comprises a transparent portion in optical registration with the working electrode. The counter electrode may include one or more field extending elements interposed between the transparent portion and the working electrode. The field extending element is preferably a ladder or a grid.
Electrochemiluminescence Flow Cell And Flow Cell Components
Sudeep M. Kumar - Gaithersburg MD, US Josephus Marinus Otten - Gaithersburg MD, US Charles Quentin Davis - Frederick MD, US Hans Biebuyck - Rockville MD, US
International Classification:
G01N 21/76
US Classification:
422 52
Abstract:
An electrochemiluminescence cell comprising an electrode capable of inducing an electrochemiluminescence-active species to electrochemiluminesce. The electrode is preferably made of rhodium, iridium or an alloy of platinum, rhodium or iridium alloyed with an alloy material comprising a transition element. The electrode may be used as counter electrode and/or as a working electrode in the electrochemiluminescence cell. The cell preferably includes a counter electrode and a support attached to the counter electrode. The support comprises a transparent portion in optical registration with the working electrode. The counter electrode may include one or more field extending elements interposed between the transparent portion and the working electrode. The field extending element is preferably a ladder or a grid.
An electrochemical reference electrode having improved potential stability is provided, such reference electrode being suitable for use as a second-order or half-cell component within a system for measuring the ion concentration of body liquids. The reference electrode includes an electrode of the metal/metal cation type in association with an electrolyte that includes a soluble salt of the metal cation of the electrode, which soluble salt is present within the electrolyte in an amount sufficient to have metal cation present in the electrolyte at its saturation concentration.
An oxygen sensor and method of monitoring the oxygen content of blood or other body fluids are provided, which oxygen sensor and method achieve monitoring of enhanced accuracy that is not substantially effected by the presence of an anaesthetic within the fluid being monitored. The electrolyte used in connection with this invention includes a preferential adsorption component that exhibits adsorption to the cathode of the sensor which is in preference to adsorption of the anaesthetic to the cathode of the sensor.
Method For Reducing The Polarization Of Bioelectrical Stimulation Leads Using Surface Enhancement, And Product Made Thereby
A method is disclosed for greatly reducing pacing polarization of a porous platinum bioelectrical stimulation electrode substrate by applying an oscillating current to the electrode substrate while it is immersed in an electrolyte such as a sodium sulfate solution to electrochemically cause the formation of a thick, highly porous platinum hydrous oxide surface layer on the substrate. The surface layer is then slowly reduced to platinum, while maintaining an increased surface area structure therein, using a similar electrochemical process employing much lower levels of current. This method does not alter the electrode characteristics other than to increase the microsurface area. The reduced polarization follows from the known inverse relationship between microsurface area and polarization. An electrode made by the foregoing method is also disclosed.